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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Psychology of Religion

Background:

  • Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of religious belief is crucial.
  • Previous research suggests a link between cognitive styles and belief, but cross-cultural evidence is limited.
  • The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is a key tool for measuring reflective and intuitive thinking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between reflective thinking, intuitive thinking, and belief in God or gods (BiG) across diverse cultures.
  • To test whether the order of cognitive assessments influences BiG.
  • To provide robust, preregistered, cross-cultural evidence using Bayesian and frequentist methods.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 7,771 university students across 19 diverse countries.
  • Administered the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) to measure reflective and intuitive thinking.
  • Assessed belief in God or gods (BiG) and controlled for educational levels.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative relationship was found between reflective thinking and BiG.
  • A significant positive relationship was observed between intuitive thinking and BiG.
  • No evidence supported the hypothesis that prior CRT measurement reduces BiG.

Conclusions:

  • Reflective thinking is associated with lower belief in God or gods, while intuitive thinking is associated with higher belief.
  • The cognitive assessment order does not appear to influence religious belief.
  • These findings offer strong cross-cultural support for the cognitive correlates of religious belief.