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X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Quantifying grating defects in X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometry through a comparative study of two fabrication

Alexandre Pereira^1,2, Simon Spindler^3,4, Zhitian Shi^3,4,5

¹Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. vieirapa@ethz.ch.

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|April 24, 2025

Summary

High-quality gratings are crucial for X-ray grating interferometry. This study models grating fabrication defects, predicting their impact on Talbot-Lau interferometer performance, with results validated experimentally.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Optics

Background:

X-ray grating interferometry performance relies heavily on grating geometry and quality.
Fabricating micrometer-pitch, high-aspect-ratio gold gratings for measuring small refraction angles at higher energies presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of fabrication-induced grating defects on X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer performance.
To develop accurate models of grating profiles for simulation-based analysis.

Main Methods:

Inspection of gold gratings fabricated using gold electroplating in polymeric and silicon templates via conventional microscopy, X-ray synchrotron radiography, and computed laminography.
Wave-propagation simulations utilizing extracted grating profile features to predict interferometer performance (visibility, absorption).

Main Results:

Characteristic grating profile features and defects were extracted and modeled.
Simulations accurately predicted the effects of grating geometry and defects on interferometer performance.
Simulated outcomes were validated using a table-top Talbot-Lau interferometer setup.

Conclusions:

Accurate modeling of grating profiles is essential for predicting X-ray interferometer performance.
The study provides a framework for evaluating grating fabrication techniques and their impact on interferometry.
This work aids in optimizing grating design and fabrication for advanced X-ray imaging applications.