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Updated: May 10, 2025

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Relative DOA estimation method for UAV swarm based on phase difference information without fixed anchors
Yi Han1, Jingjing Zhang2,3, Jinglin Luo4
1School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Equipment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Abstract:
A key challenge for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms is achieving inter-aircraft relative direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) denied environments without relying on fixed base stations. This paper proposes a Ultra-wide Bandwidth (UWB) based method where each UAV acts as both a transmitter and receiver, effectively functioning as a mobile base station. A theoretical framework for all-directional DOA estimation using a regular tetrahedral array is derived, resolving phase ambiguities via a genetic algorithm (GA) with phase difference information. Simulation results demonstrate that GA-UWB algorithm has a better performance than WP-UWB. When considering noise both in time difference and phase difference information, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a higher success rate.
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