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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Limited evidence supports nutritional advice for advanced cancer patients.
  • Nutritional interventions in advanced cancer lack consensus on effectiveness due to heterogeneity.
  • A need exists to summarize current dietary and nutritional approaches and their evidence base.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map and summarize the current evidence base for nutritional interventions in advanced cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of five databases (CINAHL Ultimate, Embase, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science) up to 10/20/2023.
  • Included studies on nutritional interventions in adults with advanced cancer, excluding enteral/parenteral nutrition.
  • Narrative data synthesis due to study heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • 35 studies met inclusion criteria, with 25 (69%) being randomized controlled trials.
  • Interventions included nutraceuticals, ketogenic diets, nutrition advice, oral supplements, and others.
  • While some positive outcomes were reported, evidence is insufficient for definitive recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • Scoping review found limited evidence for various nutritional interventions in advanced cancer.
  • Dietary advice and oral nutritional supplements may improve nutritional status and treatment tolerance, but survival impact is inconsistent.
  • Personalized nutritional strategies are needed due to outcome variability.