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Advances in abiotic tissue-based biomaterials: A focus on decellularization and devitalization techniques.

Diana F Tavares1, João F Mano1, Mariana B Oliveira1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials. University of Aveiro., Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.

Materials Today. Bio
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Tissue engineering utilizes decellularization and devitalization to create abiotic scaffolds from tissues. These extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular components offer promising regenerative medicine and inflammation control applications.

Keywords:
DecellularizationDevitalizationExtracellular matrixTissue engineeringTissue regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are valuable in tissue engineering, with cellular removal (decellularization) historically essential to prevent immune reactions.
  • Emerging research highlights potential therapeutic benefits of inactivated cellular components (devitalization) for regenerative medicine and inflammation control.
  • Devitalization techniques are less explored for in vitro constructs compared to established decellularization methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critically evaluate decellularization and devitalization techniques for tissue-derived abiotic constructs.
  • To discuss the impact of these processing methods on scaffold composition, structure, and therapeutic properties.
  • To explore the application of these materials in healthcare, including regenerative approaches and commercial products.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of decellularization methods for whole organs and in vitro constructs.
  • Analysis of prevalent devitalization techniques and their underlying principles.
  • Discussion of processing and characterization methodologies for cell-based abiotic materials.

Main Results:

  • Decellularization and devitalization yield versatile abiotic scaffolds for tissue engineering.
  • Processing choices significantly influence scaffold properties and potential therapeutic efficacy.
  • Both acellular and devitalized cellular components present unique opportunities in regenerative medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-derived abiotic constructs, created via decellularization or devitalization, are crucial for advanced tissue engineering.
  • Understanding and optimizing these techniques are key to harnessing their full potential in regenerative medicine and inflammation management.
  • Further exploration of devitalization methods is warranted for novel therapeutic applications.