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Glutamine's double-edged sword: fueling tumor growth and offering therapeutic hope

Liguang Fang1, Dandan Gao2, Zuomin Jiang2

  • 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Tumor cells reprogram glutamine metabolism for survival and immune evasion. Targeting glutamine metabolism offers new cancer therapies, but challenges like resistance remain.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Metabolism
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumor metabolic reprogramming is crucial for cancer cell survival under nutrient stress.
  • Glutamine metabolism reprogramming enhances tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
  • Glutamine metabolism also influences the tumor immune microenvironment, with dual roles in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the latest research on glutamine metabolism reprogramming in tumors.
  • To explore the role of glutamine metabolism in tumor growth, spread, and immune regulation.
  • To examine clinical progress and challenges in targeted glutamine therapies for cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of recent studies on glutamine metabolism in cancer.
  • Analysis of research on glutamine's impact on tumor growth, metastasis, and immune microenvironment.
  • Review of clinical trials and research on glutamine-targeted therapies and resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Glutamine metabolism reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer, affecting tumor progression and immune evasion.
  • While often promoting cancer, glutamine can inhibit proliferation in specific cancers (e.g., pancreatic cancer, melanoma) by modulating the immune microenvironment.
  • Targeted glutamine therapies show promise but face challenges related to treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding glutamine metabolism reprogramming is vital for cancer pathogenesis and developing novel therapies.
  • Targeting glutamine metabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy, often in combination with existing treatments.
  • Addressing resistance mechanisms is crucial for the successful clinical application of glutamine-targeted cancer therapies.
Keywords:
combination therapyglutamine metabolismimmune microenvironmentmetabolic reprogrammingtumors

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