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The Associations Between Gallstone Disease and Pan-Cancer Incidence Risk Based on Over 13 Million Participants
Wenqian Yu1,2, Jin Zhou3, Jing Luo1,2
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
Cancer Medicine
|April 25, 2025
Summary
Gallstone disease (GSD) significantly increases the risk of developing various cancers, including hematologic, gastrointestinal, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and kidney cancers. Early screening and prophylactic treatment are recommended for GSD patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gallstone disease (GSD) is increasingly linked to cancer incidence, but previous findings were inconsistent.
- This study comprehensively evaluated the association between GSD and cancer risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the extent to which gallstone disease is associated with all-cause cancer incidence.
- To investigate specific cancer types linked to GSD and analyze associations across subgroups.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases up to March 31, 2020.
- Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, including stratified analyses by sex, geography, surgery status, and follow-up period.
- Trial sequential analysis (TSA) to assess the adequacy of sample size for conclusions.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 51 studies with over 13 million participants revealed a significantly increased risk of all-cause cancer in individuals with GSD (pooled RR=1.43).
- Elevated risks were observed for hematologic malignancy (RR=1.14), gastrointestinal cancers (RR=1.28), liver, pancreas, and biliary tract cancers (RR=1.84), and kidney cancer (RR=1.19).
- Stratified analyses did not markedly alter these associations, and TSA confirmed sufficient sample size.
Conclusions:
- Gallstone disease is a significant risk factor for various cancer types, supported by robust evidence from this meta-analysis.
- GSD patients may benefit from screening and prophylactic treatments to prevent cancer development.
- Decisions regarding cholecystectomy should involve a comprehensive assessment of clinical presentation, benefits, and surgical risks.
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