Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with PCOS in India: A Review

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Cardiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women globally.
• PCOS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor in metabolic complications like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension (HTN) in PCOS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of PCOS on prevalent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
• To analyze PCOS prevalence and associated cardiovascular risks, with a focus on data from India.
• To highlight the importance of early detection and management of PCOS-related cardiovascular risks.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing research on PCOS and cardiovascular disease.
• Analysis of epidemiological data, particularly from Indian studies.
• Examination of non-traditional CVD risk factors in PCOS, including CRP, IMT, CAC, and endothelial dysfunction.

Main Results:

• PCOS patients exhibit higher rates of metabolic risk factors and CVD compared to the general population.
• Elevated non-traditional CVD risk markers like CRP, IMT, and CAC are observed in PCOS.
• Research from India provides specific insights into regional PCOS prevalence and CVD risks.

Conclusions:

• Prompt identification and management of PCOS and its associated cardiovascular risks are essential.
• Lifestyle modifications, medication, and monitoring of subclinical atherosclerosis are key strategies.
• Addressing PCOS-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications is crucial for improving women's health outcomes.