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Host-specific microbiome-rumination interactions shape methane-yield phenotypes in dairy cattle.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Longer rumination time in cows is linked to reduced enteric methane emissions (EMEs) through gut microbiome alterations. This study identifies rumination time as a non-invasive tool for selecting lower EME cattle, promoting climate-smart agriculture.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Enteric methane emissions (EMEs) from livestock negatively impact environmental sustainability and animal production efficiency.
  • Rumination time (RT) is a potential phenotype linked to methane yield, possibly mediated by the gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the connection between rumination time (RT), the gut microbiome, and enteric methane emissions (EMEs).
  • To identify non-invasive proxies for selecting low-EME cows.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rumination-bolus, fecal, and rumen microbiome analysis.
  • Quantified EMEs and analyzed microbial and metabolic profiles in high-RT versus low-RT cows.

Main Results:

  • High-RT cows ruminated 94 min/day longer and had 26% lower EME than low-RT cows.
  • Distinct microbial and metabolic profiles were observed, including differences in methanogen abundance and hydrogen sink utilization.
  • High-RT cows showed increased propionate and enrichment with rapid-fermenting bacteria, while low-RT cows had higher acetate concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Rumination time is a microbiome-linked, non-invasive indicator for identifying low-EME cows.
  • RT-based selection can enhance methane mitigation, rumen efficiency, and climate-smart livestock production.
  • Leveraging RT-associated microbial profiles offers a scalable approach to reduce EMEs in cattle.