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An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Using Acetone as a Monosolvent for Ultralow Temperature Supercapacitors at -70 °C.

Yiheng Qi1, Chuang Bao1, Xuanchi Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, P. R. China.

Chempluschem
|April 25, 2025
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Summary

Acetone (ACT) serves as a novel monosolvent for low-temperature supercapacitors, overcoming the limitations of traditional electrolytes. This breakthrough enables reliable energy storage in extreme environments like polar regions and near-space exploration.

Keywords:
dielectric coefficientsdonor numberslow‐temperature electrolytesmonosolventsupercapacitors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Commercial supercapacitors have a low operating temperature limit of -50°C, insufficient for extreme applications like polar resource exploitation (-60°C) and near-space exploration (-70°C).
  • Existing cosolvent strategies improve operating temperature but suffer from low conductivity, high desolvation energy, and increased production costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel low-temperature electrolyte using acetone (ACT) as a monosolvent.
  • To address the limitations of conventional supercapacitor electrolytes in extreme temperature conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated acetone's properties: medium dielectric coefficient (ε=20.9), low donor number (10.67), and ultralow melting point.
  • Fabricated and tested supercapacitors utilizing ACT-based electrolytes.
  • Evaluated electrochemical performance, including capacitance retention, cycling stability, power density, and energy density across a wide temperature range.

Main Results:

  • ACT demonstrates strong ion-dissociation and weakened ion-solvent interactions, facilitating rapid ion transport and desolvation.
  • Supercapacitors with ACT-based electrolytes achieved 86.5% capacitance retention from 20°C to -70°C.
  • The devices exhibited high cycling stability (97.75% after 13,000 cycles) and excellent power/energy densities (3776 W kg⁻¹ @ 14.16 Wh kg⁻¹).

Conclusions:

  • Acetone is a promising monosolvent for developing high-performance, low-temperature supercapacitor electrolytes.
  • The ACT-based electrolyte offers a superior operating temperature range, enhanced stability, and cost-effectiveness.
  • This advancement holds significant potential for energy storage in extreme environments due to low toxicity and production costs.