Chitosan-Based Gel Development: Extraction, Gelation Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Chitosan (CS), derived from chitin, is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer.
• CS possesses unique gel-forming properties, making it valuable for biomedical uses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review chitosan-based gel development.
• To analyze extraction methods, gelation mechanisms, and biomedical applications of CS gels.

Main Methods:

• Exploration of various CS extraction techniques (chemical, biological, green).
• Analysis of CS physicochemical properties influencing gelation.
• Review of gelation mechanisms (physical, ionic, chemical cross-linking).
• Discussion of recent advancements in CS hydrogel formation (e.g., Schiff base, click chemistry).

Main Results:

• CS gels exhibit tunable properties for diverse applications.
• Advanced gelation techniques enhance CS hydrogel functionality.
• Incorporation of nanomaterials and bioactive molecules improves hydrogel performance.

Conclusions:

• CS-based gels are significant innovative biomaterials.
• They show great potential in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical sciences.
• Further research can optimize CS gels for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.