Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Among Patients with Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Worldwide, about two million people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year, 85% of whom have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent progress in treating advanced/metastatic NSCLC with targeted therapies has shifted attention to early NSCLC (Stages I-IIIA) and perioperative (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) systemic therapies. However, our comprehension of how targeted therapeutics are incorporated into care and their impact on patient outcomes is just starting to unfold.

This retrospective observational study used a US nationwide electronic health record-derived deidentified database spanning January 2019-March 2024 and aimed to describe (1) eNSCLC patient demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) real-world neoadjuvant and adjuvant use, and (3) patient outcomes.

The study population included 4841 Stage IB-IIIA NSCLC patients with a mean age of 70.9 ± 8.6 years. The majority (69.9%) received definitive treatment: surgery (n = 2280), definitive radiation (n = 320), or definitive chemoradiation (n = 783), while 30.1% (n = 1458) did not. Many definitive treatment patients received some perioperative systemic therapy (surgery: 52.6%, radiation: 52.2%, chemoradiation: 75.5%). Neoadjuvant use was limited in all groups (surgery: 8.2%, radiation: 6.1%, chemoradiation: 11.6%). Among the 54.6% receiving adjuvant, immune checkpoint inhibitors were the most common choice for definitive radiation (39.1%) and chemoradiation (73.7%) patients, while surgical patients predominantly received platinum-doublet therapy (37.0%). Surgical patient outcomes were similar across all groups, while definitive chemoradiation or radiation patients without systemic therapy had lower survival rates.

In this study, we found that although the majority of patients underwent some form of definitive treatment, adjuvant use was limited, and neoadjuvant use was rarely included in care. A crucial initial step in improving patient outcomes is to understand and address the underutilization of neoadjuvant/adjuvant systemic therapy for eNSCLC patients.