Global Landscape of Infection-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Infectious diseases significantly impact pulmonary vascular disorders, particularly in developing countries where parasitic infections remain prevalent. These infections constitute a substantial yet frequently overlooked contributor to pulmonary hypertension. Discussion: This review examines the prevalence of parasitic lung diseases in regions where communicable infections are endemic and highlights their pathophysiological links to pulmonary hypertension. Schistosomiasis and HIV notably increase pulmonary hypertension risk in these areas. While other infectious diseases may also cause pulmonary vascular lesions, most remain insufficiently studied. The review addresses global epidemiological trends, diagnostic challenges, and recent advancements in understanding the multifaceted origins of pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: The association between parasitic infections and pulmonary hypertension is significant, necessitating a high index of suspicion for pulmonary hypertension in patients with a history of parasitic diseases, especially in endemic regions. More research is needed to understand infection-related pulmonary hypertension mechanisms and reduce its global impact.