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Pneumocystis Infection in Pregnant Women: A Scoping Review

Irene Calderón-Baturone1, Rocío Salsoso2, Elena Charpentier2,3

  • 1Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a risk for pregnant women, especially those with HIV or hematologic malignancies. More research is needed on its transmission and effects on newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

  • Pneumocystis jirovecii causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Pregnancy involves immune modulation, potentially increasing risks for maternal colonization/infection and vertical transmission.
  • Understanding Pneumocystis in pregnancy is crucial for maternal and neonatal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map existing evidence on Pneumocystis colonization and infection during pregnancy.
  • To identify knowledge gaps, prevalence, risk factors, and neonatal outcomes.
  • To inform clinical practice and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Systematic literature search across three databases.
  • Inclusion of 26 studies (19 pneumonia, 7 colonization).

Main Results:

  • Most Pneumocystis pneumonia cases in pregnant women were linked to pre-antiretroviral therapy HIV; recent cases involved hematologic malignancies.
  • Pneumocystis colonization rates varied significantly (5.4-46.5%).
  • Evidence suggests vertical transmission, but neonatal impact requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • HIV screening in pregnant women is recommended.
  • Pneumocystis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in pregnant women.
  • Increased awareness and research are vital for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Keywords:
Pneumocystiscolonizationpneumoniapregnancyscoping review

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