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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

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Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Pre-Workout Supplements and Their Effects on Cardiovascular Health: An Integrative Review.

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  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University Center of the Americas (FAM), São Paulo 01304-001, SP, Brazil.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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PubMed
Summary

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements may enhance exercise performance and cardiovascular health, but results vary. More research is needed to confirm benefits and ensure safe usage of these popular training aids.

Keywords:
dietary supplementsheart disease risk factorsillicit drugsperformance-enhancing substances

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology and Sports Nutrition
  • Cardiovascular Health and Supplementation

Background:

  • Dietary supplements, particularly pre-workout formulations, are widely used to enhance athletic performance.
  • While some ingredients may benefit cardiovascular health, scientific literature on pre-workout supplements is limited and often contradictory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the impact of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on cardiovascular health.
  • To identify common adverse effects and the roles of key ingredients in these supplements.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science and PubMed (January 2010 - August 2024).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on English-language articles evaluating cardiovascular outcomes related to pre-workout supplement use.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 24 studies revealed increased supplement intake and associations with improved physical performance.
  • Pre-workout supplements showed potential for both adverse cardiovascular changes and cardioprotective effects.
  • Discrepancies in results are attributed to variations in dosages, participant populations, and co-existing health factors.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements may offer benefits like increased energy, endurance, and strength, with potential positive effects on blood pressure and lipid profiles.
  • Conflicting findings necessitate further research to clarify knowledge gaps and establish guidelines for safe and effective use.