Exploring the Clinical Workflow in Pharmacogenomics Clinics: An Observational Study

Area of Science:

• Pharmacogenomics
• Precision Medicine
• Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

• Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of future healthcare.
• Implementation of PGx services is driven by growing clinical evidence and the need for personalized treatments.
• Understanding the operational workflow in PGx clinics is essential for service development and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To delineate the clinical workflow processes within selected pharmacogenomics (PGx) clinics.
• To identify key components and challenges in the delivery of PGx services.
• To examine the roles of healthcare professionals and patient considerations in PGx implementation.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study design involving four PGx clinical service sites in the USA.
• Data collection through semi-structured interviews and direct observations.
• Exploration of workflows in both community-based and hospital-based settings.

Main Results:

• Despite site-specific variations, common workflow processes and barriers were identified.
• The central role of the pharmacist and interprofessional team collaboration was highlighted.
• Effective interpretation of PGx test results relies on specific resources and comprehensive patient and healthcare provider education.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the pharmacogenomics (PGx) clinical workflow is vital for successful precision medicine implementation.
• The interprofessional team, particularly pharmacists, plays a pivotal role in sustainable PGx practices.
• Addressing resource limitations is key for expanding PGx services in diverse healthcare settings.