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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Association Between Periodontitis and Age-Related Macular Degeneration:
Sophie Boberg-Ans1, Frederikke Arnold-Vangsted2, Anna Bonde Scheel-Bech3
1Nord Specialtandlæger, 2880 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Journal of Personalized Medicine
|April 25, 2025
Summary
Periodontitis, a gum disease, is significantly linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Treating periodontitis may help reduce AMD risk, offering a modifiable factor for eye health.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Periodontology
- Systemic Inflammation Research
Background:
- Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with systemic low-grade inflammation.
- Systemic inflammation is also observed in patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing literature to evaluate the association between periodontitis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of 11 scientific databases was conducted for studies investigating periodontitis and AMD.
- Seven eligible studies, involving 149,217 participants, were included after duplicate review and risk of bias assessment.
- A meta-analysis was performed to quantify the association between periodontitis and AMD.
Main Results:
- The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between periodontitis and AMD.
- The pooled odds ratio for AMD in individuals with periodontitis was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.78; p = 0.003).
- Heterogeneity in study designs and diagnostic criteria for both conditions was noted across the included studies.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis is significantly associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- Unlike non-modifiable AMD risk factors (genetics, age), periodontitis is a treatable condition.
- Managing dental health, specifically treating periodontitis, presents a potential avenue for personalized AMD risk reduction strategies.
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