Recent Developments in Automated Reactors for Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Automated reactors are transforming nanomaterial synthesis by enabling precise, multistep control over morphology and reaction pathways. This review discusses recent advancements in robotic batch and continuous-flow platforms, highlighting their role in expanding chemical space exploration and adaptive manufacturing. Despite progress, challenges remain in integrating automation for complex, multistep syntheses due to the intricate interplay of chemical and physical processes. Emerging process analytical technologies and advanced control software are enhancing real-time monitoring, adaptive feedback loops, and self-optimizing synthesis strategies. We categorize these developments, emphasizing their impact on plasmonic nanomaterial fabrication and outlining future directions for autonomous synthesis.