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Risk Factors of Ankle Sprain in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Amir Human Hoveidaei1, Amir Reza Moradi2, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari3
1International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2025
Summary
A prior ankle sprain is the primary risk factor for future soccer ankle sprain injuries (ASIs). Understanding these risk factors aids in developing effective prevention strategies for athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Soccer incurs significant injury risks, with 13-35 injuries per 1000 player-hours.
- Ankle sprain injuries (ASIs) constitute approximately 77% of all soccer-related ankle injuries.
- ASIs can lead to chronic issues like instability, obesity, and osteoarthritis.
Purpose of the Study:
- Identify key factors contributing to ASI development in soccer players.
- Investigate the influence of gender, age, BMI, and prior ASIs on injury occurrence.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.) in October 2023.
- Included 26 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Utilized Stata Statistical Software for data standardization and analysis.
Main Results:
- A history of ankle sprain was identified as the most significant risk factor for subsequent ASIs.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) was a risk factor in 3/7 studies; age and height were significant in 1/6 studies each.
- Gender and weight did not significantly impact ASI occurrence.
Conclusions:
- Previous ankle sprains are a critical predictor of future ASIs in soccer.
- Playing surface quality is also highlighted as important for ASI prevention.
- Findings support sports professionals in optimizing conditions and strategies for effective ankle sprain prevention.
