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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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Olfactory receptors and human diseases.

Zhong-Qi Yuan1,2, Xiao-Chun Peng3, Lian Liu4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Health Science Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, 434023, China.

Cell and Tissue Research
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory receptors (ORs) detect diverse odors and regulate bodily functions. Dysfunctional ORs are linked to diseases, but odorant-based therapies show promise for various conditions.

Keywords:
AnosmiaCancerOdorantOlfactory receptorVirus infection

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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Olfactory receptors (ORs) are vital for detecting external and internal odorants.
  • Nasal ORs are key for olfactory cognition, while extra-nasal ORs modulate cellular functions.
  • OR dysfunction is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, dementia, and infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of olfactory receptors (ORs) in health and disease.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of odorants targeting ORs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on ORs in nasal and extra-nasal tissues.
  • Analysis of OR involvement in various physiological processes and pathologies.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies utilizing odorants.

Main Results:

  • ORs are implicated in diverse cellular processes and human diseases.
  • Aberrant OR expression contributes to conditions like cancer and dementia.
  • Odorant-based interventions show therapeutic promise for anosmia, wound healing, and more.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory receptors play critical roles beyond olfaction, influencing numerous cellular functions and disease states.
  • Targeting ORs with specific odorants offers a promising therapeutic avenue for a wide range of pathologies.