Critical Consciousness in Sport Scale (CCSS): development and initial psychometrics properties

Area of Science:

• Sport Psychology
• Sociology of Sport
• Critical Theory

Background:

• Critical consciousness involves recognizing and challenging societal oppression.
• Sport is identified as a potential avenue for developing athletes' critical consciousness.
• Understanding privilege and deprivation in sport access is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate the Critical Consciousness in Sport Scale (CCSS).
• To provide initial evidence of validity based on content, internal structure, relations with other variables, and reliability.

Main Methods:

• Expert review of 50 initial items using content validity coefficient (CVC).
• Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with parallel analysis and exploratory graph analysis for internal structure.
• Assessed internal consistency and validity through correlations with social justice and anti-racism efficacy measures.
• Sample: 263 Brazilian psychology and physical education students.

Main Results:

• A 36-item, three-dimensional scale structure was confirmed, aligning with theoretical hypotheses.
• High internal consistency indices (ω = 0.868, 0.906, 0.924) were observed.
• A brief version of the CCSS also demonstrated adequate psychometric properties.
• Correlations supported validity based on relations with other variables.

Conclusions:

• The developed CCSS is an appropriate measure for critical consciousness in sport.
• Recommendations for future research include assessing validity and reliability in diverse athletic populations and contexts.