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Sociodemographic, medical, health behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with COVID-19 diagnoses in the New

Sharon Manne1, Adana A M Llanos2,3, Hari S Iyer4

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Cancer survivors who were immigrants or lived in deprived areas had higher COVID-19 risk. Social well-being was also linked to increased infection rates in this vulnerable population.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cancer survivors face elevated risks for COVID-19 infection.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding non-demographic factors influencing this increased susceptibility.
  • Neighborhood and psychosocial elements are under-explored contributors to COVID-19 risk in cancer survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and COVID-19 infection among cancer survivors.
  • To examine individual-level factors including medical, lifestyle, and psychosocial aspects.
  • To analyze area-level SDOH measures and their impact on COVID-19 risk in a New Jersey cancer survivor cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized survey data from 864 New Jersey cancer survivors (2018-2022).
  • Merged survivor data with state COVID-19 diagnoses (2020-2022).
  • Estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for individual and area-level factors, including Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE).

Main Results:

  • Cancer survivors born outside the US showed over double the odds of COVID-19 infection (aOR 2.29).
  • Residing in areas with high racialized income deprivation (Quartile 1 ICE) was linked to increased COVID-19 odds (aOR 2.15).
  • Higher social well-being correlated with greater odds of COVID-19 (aOR 1.07), while retired survivors had lower odds (aOR 0.39).

Conclusions:

  • Immigrant status and heightened racialized income deprivation (ICE) are significant risk factors for COVID-19 in cancer survivors.
  • Findings underscore the role of both individual and area-level social determinants of health in COVID-19 risk.
  • Public health strategies should address SDOH to mitigate COVID-19 disparities among cancer survivors.