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Multiple myeloma and family history of cancer. A case-control study
Abstract:
A hospital-based case-control study was done to examine the hypothesis that persons with a family history of multiple myeloma (MM) or other cancers are at increased risk of multiple myeloma. Study members were 439 cases of multiple myeloma and 1317 matched controls seen at the Duke University Medical Center. Only 3 cases and 4 controls reported multiple myeloma in their families. The relative risk (RR) was 2.3, but the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.5-10.1, allowing no firm conclusion about the risk associated with familial MM. A family history of cancer of any type resulted in a relative risk of MM of 1.4 (CI: 1.1-1.8). This association was strongest (RR = 2.5, CI: 1.1-5.3) among young study members (age less than or equal to 49). A family history of hematologic malignancy (ICD 200-208) resulted in a RR of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4-4.0). The data also suggested that a family history of lung cancer, breast cancer, and genitourinary cancer may be associated with increased risk of myeloma in older persons.
Insights
A family history of cancer increases multiple myeloma (MM) risk, particularly hematologic malignancies. The association was strongest in younger individuals, suggesting genetic predispositions for MM.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells.
- Understanding risk factors, including familial predispositions, is crucial for MM prevention and early detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a family history of cancer and the risk of developing multiple myeloma.
- To explore specific cancer types within families that may correlate with increased MM risk.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study was conducted.
- 439 MM cases and 1317 matched controls were recruited from Duke University Medical Center.
- Data on family history of cancers were collected and analyzed.
Main Results:
- A family history of any cancer was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of MM (CI: 1.1-1.8).
- This association was more pronounced in younger individuals (age ≤ 49), with an RR of 2.5 (CI: 1.1-5.3).
- A family history of hematologic malignancy showed a significant association with MM risk (RR = 2.4, CI: 1.4-4.0).
Conclusions:
- A family history of cancer, especially hematologic malignancies, is a risk factor for multiple myeloma.
- The findings suggest a potential genetic link for MM, particularly in younger populations.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific genetic factors and cancer types involved.