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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Pediatric Acute Respiratory Virus Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Cohort Study, 2017-2024

Tiffany Fitzpatrick1,2,3,4, Sarah A Buchan1,2,3,4,5, Sanjay Mahant6

  • 1Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 measures disrupted pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations, with significant increases in RSV and human metapneumovirus post-pandemic. While 2023/24 showed a return to typical patterns, long-term viral seasonality remains uncertain.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • COVID-19 mitigation measures significantly altered the landscape of seasonal respiratory viruses.
  • Understanding the impact on pediatric acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is crucial for healthcare planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare observed vs. expected pediatric viral ARI hospitalizations post-pandemic.
  • To analyze changes in the characteristics of admitted children.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study of youth (<18 years) in Ontario, Canada (2017-2024).
  • Analysis of ARI-related hospitalization rates and linked administrative data.
  • Estimation of expected admission rates using Poisson regression.

Main Results:

  • A sharp ARI reduction in 2020/21, followed by a surge in 2022/23, particularly for RSV and human metapneumovirus.
  • Increased admissions of older children and fewer males post-pandemic; males had lower-than-expected 2022/23 admissions.
  • COVID-19 admissions were minimal; pre-pandemic seasonality nearly resumed in 2023/24.

Conclusions:

  • Post-pandemic viral ARI epidemiology and patient characteristics shifted significantly.
  • While 2023/24 showed a more typical pattern, the long-term resumption of pre-pandemic seasonality is uncertain.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19RSVacute respiratory infectionsinfluenzapediatrics

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