Selenium homeostasis and male reproduction

As an important micronutrient, selenium exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via selenoproteins. Key components of selenium transport include the glutathione peroxidase system, selenoprotein P, metal-regulated transcription factor 1, and zinc transporter protein 8. These proteins regulate selenium homeostasis and maintain appropriate selenium levels, which subsequently influences various organ functions. Selenium is closely linked to male reproduction, as it affects physiological processes, such as spermatogenesis, maturation, and motility by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. There is a significant correlation between semen selenium levels and quality, and moderate selenium supplementation can improve semen quality in men with infertility. This review describes the general biological and specific role of selenium in male reproduction, and transport mechanism of selenoproteins. Furthermore, it discusses the current research advancements in the capacity of selenium supplementation to mitigate reproductive toxicity and improve semen quality in clinical and experimental settings.