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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
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Muscle Damage and the Repeated-bout Effect After a Typical Nordic Hamstring Exercise Session.

Giuseppe Coratella1, Emiliano Cè1, Antonio D'Orlando1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The first Nordic hamstring exercise session causes muscle damage, impacting strength and flexibility. Subsequent sessions lead to reduced muscle damage and faster recovery, suggesting minimal training interference over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • The Nordic hamstring exercise is a common resistance training movement.
  • Understanding muscle damage and adaptation from this exercise is crucial for training programming.
  • The repeated-bout effect describes the attenuated response to subsequent exercise bouts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate muscle damage following a single Nordic hamstring exercise bout.
  • To examine the repeated-bout effect on muscle damage markers after a 4-week interval.
  • To assess the impact on hamstring eccentric strength, range of motion, soreness, and swelling.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen trained male adults performed 24 repetitions of the Nordic hamstring exercise.
  • Muscle damage was assessed via eccentric strength, passive range of motion, soreness, and swelling.
  • Assessments were conducted at baseline and days 1, 2, 3, and 4 post-exercise, with a repeat bout after 4 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The first bout significantly decreased hamstring eccentric strength (up to day 3) and passive range of motion (up to day 4), with increased muscle soreness (days 2-3).
  • No significant muscle swelling was observed after the first bout.
  • The second bout resulted in a smaller magnitude of strength decrease (day 1 only) and range of motion reduction (up to day 3), indicating an attenuated response.

Conclusions:

  • The initial Nordic hamstring exercise bout induces notable muscle damage and functional impairments.
  • The repeated-bout effect significantly reduces the severity and duration of muscle damage markers after subsequent sessions.
  • Trained individuals may experience minimal interference with their training routine from regular Nordic hamstring exercise sessions due to adaptation.