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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized,...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
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Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
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Injectable Ca/ε-aminocaproic acid/dextran phosphate hydrogel for effective acute bleeding control.

Uladzislau E Aharodnikau1, Yulia I Pristromova1, Pavel M Bychkovsky1

  • 1Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; Educational-Scientific-Production Republican Unitary Enterprise "UNITEHPROM BSU", Minsk, Belarus.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New composite hydrogels containing calcium, ε-aminocaproic acid, and dextran phosphate effectively control bleeding. These advanced hemostatic agents show significant promise for surgical and trauma applications by reducing blood loss and clotting time.

Keywords:
Dextran phosphateHydrogelsε-Aminocaproic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Hemostasis Research
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling bleeding is critical in surgery and trauma care.
  • Development of novel hemostatic agents is essential for improved patient outcomes.
  • Existing agents may have limitations requiring new solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize calcium/ε-aminocaproic acid/dextran phosphate composite hydrogels.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical properties and hemostatic potential of these novel hydrogels.
  • To assess their efficacy in controlling bleeding both in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of composite hydrogels via dextran phosphorylation.
  • Evaluation of hydrogel properties: rheology, swelling, morphology, and ε-aminocaproic acid sorption.
  • In vitro assessment of ε-aminocaproic acid release, blood clotting time, clotting index, and hemolysis.
  • In vivo evaluation using a rat liver hemorrhage model to measure bleeding time and blood loss.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogels exhibited controlled release of ε-aminocaproic acid with a maximum sorption capacity of 80%.
  • In vitro studies showed reduced blood clotting time, enhanced clotting index, and minimal hemolysis.
  • In vivo tests demonstrated a significant decrease in bleeding time and average blood loss in a rat liver model.
  • The composite hydrogels outperformed control experiments in hemostatic efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ca/ε-aminocaproic acid/dextran phosphate hydrogels show significant hemostatic potential.
  • These hydrogels are effective in controlling bleeding, offering a promising alternative for medical applications.
  • Further research and development could lead to their clinical use as advanced hemostatic agents.