Type 3 resistant starch prepared from jackfruit alleviated the hyperlipidemia via gut microbiota regulation

Although resistant starch (RS) isolated from raw starch exhibits established regulatory effects on the mouse gut microbiota and associated hyperlipidemia, critical questions persist regarding RS in heated foods - the predominant form in the human diets, namely, the role of RS from heated food in the regulation of hyperlipidemia through gut microbiota is still unclear. This study evaluated the effects of a RS (jackfruit heated resistant starch, JFRS3) from heat-treated jackfruit native starch (JFNS) on hyperlipidemia in golden hamster gut microbes. Compared with JFNS, JFRS3 developed an irregular block-like shape with numerous grooves, exhibited more ordered structures (R_1047/1022: 2.952 and R_1022/995: 0.964) and greater crystallinity (relative crystallinity (RC): 21.96 %), and transformed into a C-type crystalline structure. Additionally, JFRS3 demonstrated significant antihyperlipidemic effects, which included an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels (4.36 mmol/L) and reductions in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (14.39, 4.55, and 4.61 mmol/L, respectively), thereby alleviating liver fatty lesions, reducing fat accumulation, and inhibiting adipocyte enlargement. These effects were closely linked to intestinal microbial changes, such as specific microbial enrichment and enhanced gut microbial diversity, potentially influenced by the structural properties of JFRS3. Furthermore, the consumption of JFRS3 was more effective in slowing weight gain and improving blood lipid profiles compared with raw RS present in JFNS. These findings prove that JFRS3 modulates hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet and contributes to the development of alternative strategies for managing high-fat-diet-associated hyperlipidemia.