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Larynx01:21

Larynx

1.1K
The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

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Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
77
Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

210
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

62
A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
01:00

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

425

Voice Disorders Following Thyroidectomy.

Ivana Šimić Prgomet1, Ratko Prstačić2, Renata Curić Radivojević3

  • 1Phoniatric Center, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|April 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Total thyroidectomy (TT) patients experience more voice disorders than lobectomy (LO) patients early after surgery, but this difference lessens over time. This study compared voice outcomes after TT versus LO with recurrent laryngeal nerve preservation.

Keywords:
Voice disorders—Unilateral lobectomy—Total thyroidectomy—Comparative analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Surgical Outcomes Research

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy, a common surgical procedure, carries risks of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, potentially leading to voice disorders.
  • Distinguishing voice outcomes between lobectomy (LO) and total thyroidectomy (TT) is crucial for patient counseling and surgical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare subjective and objective voice disorders in patients following thyroidectomy, specifically comparing lobectomy (LO) versus total thyroidectomy (TT) with recurrent laryngeal nerve preservation.
  • To assess the temporal evolution of voice quality and vocal function after these distinct surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 61 patients undergoing thyroidectomy (31 LO, 30 TT) at a tertiary care center.
  • Voice assessments included subjective evaluation (GRBAS scale), objective acoustic analysis (jitter, shimmer), and quality of life (Voice Handicap Index - VHI) at four time points: pre-surgery, and at 7-10 days, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) showed significantly higher scores for hoarseness, roughness, asthenic voice, and voice tension in the early postoperative period (1st measurement) compared to lobectomy (LO) patients.
  • Objective acoustic analysis revealed statistically significant differences in jitter (3 months post-op) and shimmer (1st and 2nd post-op periods) between the LO and TT groups, favoring the LO group.
  • While VHI scores and other acoustic parameters did not reach statistical significance, the GRBAS and acoustic findings indicate a more pronounced initial voice impact after TT.

Conclusions:

  • Total thyroidectomy (TT) is associated with a more significant subjective and objective voice disorder in the early postoperative phase compared to lobectomy (LO).
  • The observed differences in voice quality between the two surgical groups tend to diminish over the 6-month follow-up period.
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve preservation is key, but surgical extent (LO vs. TT) influences immediate postoperative vocal recovery and patient-reported voice outcomes.