A population based optimization of convolutional neural networks for chronic kidney disease prediction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, and the timely detection of the disease is priceless. Most of the classical machine learning models have the major drawbacks of being unsophisticated, non-robust, and non-accurate. This research work is therefore seeking to introduce OptiNet-CKD, a paradigm based on a DNN that has been integrated with a developed population optimization algorithm (POA) for CKD prediction optimization. POA is unlike gradient-based optimization methods in that it uses an initialized population of networks and perturbs their weight values to provide a broader exploration of the solution space. The model is more robust and less likely to overfit, and the predictions are likely to be more accurate since this approach helps to avoid the local minima problem suffered by gradient-based optimizers. To preprocess it for DNN learning, a CKD dataset with 400 records containing numerical and categorical features was imputed for missing data and scaled for its features. The model was evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC AUC. OptiNet-CKD achieved 100% accuracy, 1.0 precision, 1.0 recall, 1.0 F1-score, and 1.0 ROC-AUC from traditional models (logistic regression, decision trees) and even fundamental deep neural networks. Results show that OptiNet-CKD is a reliable and robust prediction method for CKD, with more substantial generalization and performance than the existing methods. A combination of DNN and POA constitutes a promising approach for medical data analysis, especially for the diagnosis of CKD. POA expands the solution space, helping to expunge the model from falling into local minima and giving the model increased power in generalizing complicated medical data. Based on the simplicity of the algorithm, together with the structured formula and the extractions made in the preprocessing step, this framework can be extended to other medical conditions with similar data complexities, providing a potent tool for improving diagnostic accuracy in healthcare.