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Updated: May 10, 2025

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A 3D Printing-Based Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement Simulator: Development and Validation.

Yuanzhang Liu1, Yu Mao1, Yiwei Wang1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel 3D-printed simulator for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) significantly reduces operative times and fluoroscopy exposure. This 3D-printed simulation tool shows potential for improving surgical training in complex cardiac procedures.

Keywords:
cardiovascular 3D printingsimulationtrainingtranscatheter pulmonary valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Simulation
  • 3D Printing in Medicine

Background:

  • Severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) is a common complication after tetralogy of Fallot repair, complicating native right ventricular outflow tract (nRVOT) morphology.
  • Enlarged and morphologically diverse nRVOTs present challenges for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a 3D-printed simulator for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR).
  • To assess the simulator's utility in improving surgical skills and reducing operative times for TPVR procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) simulator was engineered using 3D printing and computer-aided design.
  • Ten specialists were divided into 3D-printed and non-3D-printed groups for TPVR simulation.
  • Six specialists and six young surgeons subsequently underwent three TPVR simulations using the 3D-printed model.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed simulation group demonstrated significantly shorter over-flap times (5.22 min vs. 6.72 min), fluoroscopy times (15.00 min vs. 19.00 min), and total operative times (57.00 min vs. 67.00 min).
  • Both expert and young surgeon groups experienced significant reductions in over-flap and total operative times when using the 3D-printed simulator (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed TPVR simulator has demonstrated initial reliability and validity.
  • This simulator holds significant potential as an effective teaching and training tool for surgeons performing TPVR.