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Differentiating Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies Using Faecal Amino Acid Profiles: Potential and

Cristina Higueras1, Claudia Ruiz-Capillas2, Ana Herrero2

  • 1Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain.

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Summary

The faecal amino acid profile in dogs differs between healthy controls and those with digestive diseases like food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) or immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE). Giardia infection (GIA) showed higher amino acid levels, but profiles couldn't reliably distinguish FRE from IRE.

Keywords:
aromatic amino acidsbranched-chain amino acidschronic inflammatory enteropathiesdogsgut healththreoninetyrosine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chronic digestive diseases in dogs, including food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) and immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE), present diagnostic challenges.
  • Giardia infection (GIA) is a common parasitic cause of enteropathy in dogs.
  • Faecal amino acid profiles are increasingly studied as potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and compare the faecal amino acid profiles of dogs with FRE, IRE, and GIA against healthy controls (HC).
  • To assess the potential of faecal amino acid profiles to discriminate between these canine gastrointestinal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Faecal samples were collected from dogs with FRE, IRE, GIA, and HC prior to any dietary interventions.
  • Amino acid concentrations in faecal samples were quantified using established analytical techniques.
  • Statistical analyses, including discriminant function analysis, were employed to evaluate the discriminating potential of faecal amino acid profiles.

Main Results:

  • Healthy control (HC) dogs exhibited significantly lower faecal tyrosine (Tyr) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) compared to FRE and IRE dogs.
  • HC dogs also had lower threonine (Thr) levels than IRE dogs.
  • Dogs with Giardia infection (GIA) showed generally higher faecal amino acid concentrations (excluding glutamic acid) than all other groups.
  • Discriminant function analysis achieved a 56% success rate in classifying samples, with Tyr, glutamic acid (Glu), arginine, and phenylalanine being key discriminators.
  • Faecal amino acid profiles did not reliably differentiate between FRE and IRE.

Conclusions:

  • Faecal amino acid profiles differ between healthy dogs and those with chronic enteropathies.
  • While faecal amino acid profiles can indicate the presence of digestive disease, they are not sufficiently distinct to differentiate between food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) and immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE).
  • Giardia infection (GIA) is associated with elevated faecal amino acid excretion, suggesting a potential role for amino acid analysis in diagnosing parasitic enteritis.