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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Updated: May 7, 2026

A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia
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Published on: June 15, 2011

Genetics of Suicide.

Mostafa Khalil1, Anil Kalyoncu2, Alfredo Bellon2,3

  • 1Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Genes
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Identifying genetic risk for suicide is challenging. This review explores genes like Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) potentially linked to suicidal behavior, highlighting the need for further research.

Keywords:
BDNFGABAcortisoldepressioninflammationserotoninstress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US, with pathophysiology poorly understood.
  • Predicting suicide risk remains difficult, despite associations with ideation and attempts.
  • Suicide likely results from complex gene-environment interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on genetic associations with suicide risk.
  • To identify specific genes implicated in suicidal behavior.
  • To highlight inconsistencies and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of published studies.
  • Focus on genetic associations, including Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) genes, BDNF, HPA axis genes, and inflammatory genes.
  • Analysis of replicated findings and areas needing further investigation.

Main Results:

  • Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1 and TPH2) genes show associations with suicide.
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, particularly via epigenetics, is consistently linked to suicide.
  • Polymorphisms in TNF-alpha and IL-6 may influence susceptibility to suicidal behavior, while HPA axis gene data require replication.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic research in suicide is evolving but faces inconsistencies, impacting reliability.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of specific genes and their interactions.
  • Understanding genetic underpinnings is crucial for developing effective suicide prevention strategies.