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Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
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Motor Imagery Training Improves Interoception and Satisfaction with Performance.

Chiara Di Tella1, Enrica L Santarcangelo1

  • 1Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (NTMS), University of Pisa, Via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Artistic gymnastics practice enhances interoception in young females. A one-month motor imagery training program further improved their interoceptive awareness and performance satisfaction.

Keywords:
interoceptive accuracyinteroceptive sensibilitymotor imageryperformance

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Interoception, performance satisfaction, and motor imagery (MI) training are crucial for physical and mental health.
  • Artistic gymnastics practice may influence sensorimotor and cognitive-emotional functions.
  • Understanding the impact of sports on interoception is vital for optimizing training and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare interoceptive abilities between sedentary females and those practicing artistic gymnastics.
  • To evaluate the effects of a one-month motor imagery training program on interoception and performance satisfaction in gymnasts.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included sedentary females (Control group) and age-matched artistic gymnasts (Experimental group).
  • Interoceptive accuracy and sensibility were assessed using the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS) and Multisensory Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA).
  • Body perception, absorption, and performance satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention in the experimental group.

Main Results:

  • Artistic gymnasts demonstrated significantly higher interoceptive awareness (MAIA scores) compared to sedentary individuals.
  • Following motor imagery training, gymnasts showed significant improvements in performance satisfaction, interoceptive awareness (MAIA), and body perception (BPQ).
  • The improvements in performance satisfaction and interoceptive awareness were moderated by years of practice and absorption levels, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline differences indicate that artistic gymnastics enhances interoception.
  • Motor imagery training appears to further improve interoception and performance satisfaction in gymnasts.
  • Findings suggest potential for personalized mental training programs to enhance physical and mental health in athletes.