Balance Assessment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Rheumatology
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting children.
• Lower limb involvement in JIA often leads to impaired balance compared to healthy children.
• Effective balance assessment is crucial for managing JIA and improving functional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and identify balance assessment instruments used in clinical practice for children with JIA.
• To synthesize findings on the effectiveness of different balance testing methods in this population.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct) up to March 3, 2025.
• Three independent reviewers screened and selected relevant studies.
• Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed, examining both specific balance tests and technological systems.

Main Results:

• Two studies utilized specific balance tests: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (motor skills/balance), Functional Reach Test (static balance), and Flamingo Balance Test (postural balance).
• Three studies employed balance testing systems: S3-Check balance board, FreeMed posturography, and Biodex Balance System.
• Physical exercise programs (Pilates, strengthening, proprioceptive, home exercises) demonstrated significant improvements in balance for JIA patients.

Conclusions:

• Various methods exist for assessing balance in children with JIA, including specific tests and technological systems.
• No reviewed studies combined both specific tests and technological systems for comprehensive balance evaluation.
• Future research should focus on integrated approaches using combined tests and equipment to evaluate static and dynamic balance.
• Physical exercise is vital for managing JIA, as improved postural control enhances overall functioning and participation in recreational activities.