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Microbial Ecotoxicology-40 Years on.

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Microbial indicators in ecotoxicology are slow to evolve despite early promise. While applications remain limited, the potential for microbial toxicity testing persists.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecotoxicology
  • Environmental Microbiology

Background:

  • Ecotoxicology emerged in the 1970s, but microbial indicators were adopted slowly.
  • Microbial toxicity testing began in the late 1970s/early 1980s with tests like Microtox®.
  • Current applications are mainly limited to water and wastewater screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a personal perspective on the slow development of microbial indicators in ecotoxicology.
  • To highlight the gap between the potential of microbial testing and its current limited applications.
  • To discuss the impact of 'omics' technologies on the field.

Main Methods:

  • This is an opinion piece, not based on experimental data.
  • Reflective analysis of the field's progression over several decades.
  • Discussion of historical trends and future possibilities.

Main Results:

  • Despite early excitement and advancements like Microtox®, microbial indicators have not become central to ecotoxicology.
  • The field has seen slow progress in developing and applying new microbial toxicity tests.
  • The rise of 'omics' technologies has not yet significantly accelerated the integration of microbiology into ecotoxicology.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiology has significant untapped potential as a tool in ecotoxicology.
  • Further development and broader application of microbial indicators are needed.
  • The field requires renewed focus to realize the promise of microbial toxicity testing.