From Joints to the Heart: An Integrated Perspective on Systemic Inflammation

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Cardiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation and systemic complications.
• RA significantly elevates cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the mechanisms linking rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• To review current risk assessment and management strategies for CVD in RA patients.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of existing data on RA and CVD mechanisms.
• Focus on systemic inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF, JAK-STAT), and cardiovascular risk factors.
• Review of recent studies and clinical guidelines.

Main Results:

• Persistent RA disease activity and autoantibodies increase CVD risk, contributing to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
• Anti-inflammatory treatments like methotrexate and biologic agents may reduce cardiovascular risk in RA patients.

Conclusions:

• Understanding RA-CVD pathophysiological links is vital for early diagnosis and risk assessment.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists and cardiologists is essential for optimal CVD risk management in RA.
• Integrating optimized CVD risk management into RA care reduces morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular complications.