Computer-Assisted Navigation in Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Medical Technology
• Surgical Navigation

Background:

• Shoulder arthroplasty (total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty) treats various shoulder conditions.
• Accurate implant placement is crucial for surgical success, restoring joint function and longevity.
• Challenges in achieving precise implant positioning include bone loss, deformities, and prior surgeries, risking instability and revision.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of computer-assisted navigation on shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.
• To explore the role of navigation in complex surgical cases.
• To discuss the future potential of navigation technologies in shoulder replacement.

Main Methods:

• Integration of preoperative 3D imaging with intraoperative tracking for real-time surgical guidance.
• Optimization of glenoid component placement using navigation technology.
• Analysis of research on navigation-assisted techniques for improved precision and fixation strategies.

Main Results:

• Navigation improves surgical accuracy and consistency in shoulder arthroplasty.
• Navigation-assisted techniques enhance functional outcomes and may reduce complication rates.
• Optimized fixation strategies, like using fewer, longer screws in RSA, are noted.

Conclusions:

• Computer-assisted navigation is a valuable tool for improving shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.
• Navigation shows promise in complex cases, though challenges like increased time and cost exist.
• Advancements in AI, AR, and robotics may enhance navigation's effectiveness and accessibility, requiring long-term studies.