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Vitamin D and Cognitive Impairment.

Nalinee Imerbsin1,2, Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul3,4, Pirada Witoonpanich5

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Summary

Vitamin D inadequacy is common in Thai elders. While low vitamin D is linked to obesity and insulin resistance, it does not appear to directly impact cognitive function in this population.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseadiposityinsulin resistancemild cognitive impairmentolder populationvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern and a potential risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Existing evidence on vitamin D status and cognitive function is conflicting.
  • This study investigated vitamin D status in the Thai elderly, focusing on its relationship with cognitive function, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Thai elderly.
  • To examine the association between vitamin D status and cognitive function.
  • To explore the relationship between vitamin D status, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity in this population.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 718 participants aged 55-80 years from the HADThai study cohort.
  • Participants were categorized into normal cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups.
  • Baseline data were analyzed to assess vitamin D levels, cognitive function, body composition (BMI, body fat), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D status did not significantly differ between normal cognition and MCI groups.
  • Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 6.5%, and inadequacy (<30 ng/mL) was 40.0%.
  • Serum 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with BMI, body fat, and HOMA-IR, but not cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was observed in the Thai elderly population.
  • Vitamin D status is inversely associated with adiposity and insulin resistance.
  • The study does not support a direct role of vitamin D status in cognitive decline in this elderly cohort, but further research is warranted.