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In Vitro Inhibition of Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Natural Polysaccharides Obtained from Wheat Cell Culture
Alima Murtazina1,2,3, Yaiza Jimenez-Martinez2,4, Gloria Ruiz Alcala2,4
1Department of General Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan.
Polymers
|April 26, 2025
Summary
Wheat-derived polysaccharides (PSs) show potential against colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). Specific fractions inhibit CSC proliferation and promote differentiation, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Oncology
- Plant Science
Background:
- Natural polysaccharides (PSs) show efficacy against differentiated cancer cells (DCCs).
- The impact of PSs on cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not well understood.
- Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial for tumor growth and recurrence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-CSC activity of wheat cell culture-derived polysaccharides (WCCPSs).
- To identify specific WCCPS fractions effective against colorectal CSCs.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying WCCPS anti-CSC effects.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and fractionation of WCCPSs from wheat cell cultures.
- Assessment of WCCPS effects on HCT-116 colorectal DCCs and CSCs proliferation.
- Analysis of key molecular markers including β-catenin, Ep-CAM, CD44, c-Myc, caspase-3, cytochrome C, and caspase-8.
- Correlation analysis between polysaccharide composition and bioactivity.
Main Results:
- WCCPSs inhibited proliferation in both DCCs and CSCs.
- NA and DC fractions demonstrated significant anti-CSC activity.
- WCCPSs modulated β-catenin, Ep-CAM, CD44, and c-Myc levels.
- DC fraction promoted CSC differentiation via caspase-3 activation without inducing apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- Wheat-derived PSs, particularly NA and DC fractions, possess potent anti-CSC activity.
- The bioactivity of WCCPSs is linked to their monosaccharide composition (xylose and galacturonic acid).
- WCCPSs represent a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting colorectal CSCs, suppressing self-renewal, and promoting differentiation.
