Simulation and Analysis of Coherent Wind Lidar Based on Range Resolution

The wind field, a critical atmospheric parameter, significantly influences climate, weather forecasting, aviation safety, and wind energy applications. The precise observation of wind fields is essential for improving weather predictions, studying climate change, ensuring aviation safety, and optimizing wind energy systems. Among the various wind field detection methods, coherent wind lidar technology stands out due to its superior detection range, accuracy, and robustness. However, the high-range resolution required for applications such as aircraft takeoff and landing or wind turbine region monitoring presents unique challenges in wind detection. To address the aforementioned challenges, this study established a modular coherent Doppler wind lidar simulation system. Unlike traditional single-module simulation approaches, this system achieves multi-parameter coupling analysis of laser emission under pulse modulation, atmospheric transmission, and wind speed inversion through integrated hardware-transmission-processing collaborative modeling. Subsequently, by adjusting key parameters of the system model, an in-depth analysis of wind speed inversion within a 1.2 km detection range was conducted, investigating the dual impacts of reducing pulse duration on both range resolution and wind speed measurement accuracy. Furthermore, a Mach-Zehnder modulator module was implemented in the radar hardware section to generate odd-even pulse pairs, while a differential correlation algorithm was introduced in the data processing module to enhance range resolution. Ultimately, wind speed measurements with a 4.5 m range resolution along the laser emission direction were achieved in simulations. Comparative analysis shows that pulse modulation techniques effectively reduce wind speed measurement errors caused by short-pulse methods, offering a reliable framework for practical wind field measurements.