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Updated: Jun 15, 2026
A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
Psychophysiological and Dual-Task Effects of Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Interventions in Airforce Pilots: A Pilot
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García1,2, Juan Luis Leon-Llamas2,3, Santos Villafaina2,3
1Grupo de Investigación Análisis Didáctico y Comportamental del Deporte (ADICODE), Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Neurofeedback (NFB) and biofeedback (BFB) training significantly improved physiological regulation, cognitive function, and emotional resilience in Spanish Air Force pilot trainees, enhancing flight performance and safety.
Area of Science:
- Aerospace Medicine
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Neurofeedback (NFB) and biofeedback (BFB) are established methods for stress reduction and performance enhancement.
- Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) stimulation (12-15 Hz) is linked to improved working memory and attention.
- Existing research on pilots often targets PTSD, not performance enhancement during flight.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of combined NFB and BFB training on air force pilot trainees' performance and safety.
- To assess changes in physiological self-regulation, cognitive abilities, and psychological well-being.
Main Methods:
- A study involving twelve Spanish Air Force fighter pilot trainees.
- An experimental group (six pilots) received 24 sessions of combined NFB and BFB training.
- A control group (six pilots) did not receive the training.
Main Results:
- The experimental group showed enhanced heart rate variability, indicating improved parasympathetic modulation.
- A significant decrease in the Theta/SMR ratio was observed, suggesting improved focus.
- Cognitive performance, dual-task abilities, and psychological resilience (reduced anxiety, increased confidence) improved in the trained group.
Conclusions:
- Combined NFB and BFB training, integrated with flight simulations and virtual reality, enhances physiological regulation in pilots.
- The training improves cognitive performance and emotional resilience, crucial for flight safety.
- This approach offers a promising method for optimizing pilot performance and safety in demanding aviation environments.
