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Impact of Eco-Friendly Surfactant Structure and Class on Enveloped Virus Inactivation
Vaishali Sharma1,2, Lynn Manchester3, Melissa Holstein4
1Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.
Biotechnology Journal
|April 26, 2025
Summary
Eco-friendly surfactants like n-nonyl-β-D-glucoside (NG) offer effective virus inactivation in bioprocessing, matching or exceeding Triton X-100. Salt enhances surfactant efficacy, making NG a robust, sustainable alternative for biopharmaceutical production.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
- Virology
Background:
- The EU's 2021 ban on Triton X-100 necessitates sustainable alternatives for viral inactivation in biomanufacturing.
- Ensuring the safety and quality of biological products relies on effective virus inactivation strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the antiviral efficacy of eco-friendly glucosides and amine oxides against Triton X-100.
- To identify sustainable surfactants for virus inactivation in biopharmaceutical production.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of surfactant antiviral efficacy against herpes viruses (SuHV, HSV) and retrovirus (XMuLV).
- Assessment of surfactant performance at varying concentrations (1x CMC, 0.5x CMC) and salt concentrations (2 M ionic strength).
Main Results:
- Glucosides and amine oxides demonstrated equivalent or superior virus inactivation compared to Triton X-100.
- Longer alkyl chain surfactants were more effective against XMuLV at 1x CMC.
- Salt addition enhanced antiviral efficacy for some surfactants but decreased it for others against herpes viruses at high ionic strength.
Conclusions:
- N-nonyl-β-D-glucoside (NG) is a robust, eco-friendly surfactant for virus inactivation, outperforming Triton X-100.
- Salt enhances surfactant efficacy by lowering critical micelle concentration (CMC) while maintaining inactivation.
- NG's antiviral performance was consistent across tested variables, making it a promising sustainable alternative.
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