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Related Concept Videos

Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Anorexia Nervosa01:28

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
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Restrained Eating Features and Brain Morphology: A Pediatric Population-Based Study.

C P M Steegers1, M E J Deen1, P W Jansen1,2,3

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

The International Journal of Eating Disorders
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and restrained eating (RE) show sex-specific associations with brain morphology in children. Girls exhibit more complex relationships between BMI-SDS, RE, and brain volumes compared to boys.

Keywords:
anorexia nervosabody‐mass indexbrain volumechildreneating disordersgeneral populationneuro‐imagingrestrained eatingstructural MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Anorexia nervosa, a restrictive eating disorder, is linked to brain structure alterations, primarily in females.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the relationship between restrained eating (RE), body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and brain morphology in the general pediatric population.
  • Investigating potential sex differences in these associations is crucial for understanding typical brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the associations between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in 9-year-old children.
  • To investigate the relationship between restrained eating (RE) and brain morphology, considering sex differences.
  • To determine if BMI-SDS and RE are related to gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in a pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2729 children (9-year-olds) in the population-based Generation R Study.
  • Calculated BMI-SDS adjusted for sex and age using Dutch growth curves.
  • Assessed RE using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and analyzed brain volumes via structural magnetic resonance imaging and FreeSurfer.

Main Results:

  • In girls, BMI-SDS positively correlated with total intracranial and regional brain volumes, showing an inverted U-shaped association with total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM).
  • Restrained eating (RE) in girls demonstrated a positive linear association with intracranial, WM, and regional brain volumes (corrected for BMI-SDS), with an inverted U-shaped association with amygdala and insula volume.
  • Boys showed only positive linear associations between BMI-SDS and brain volumes, with no significant associations found between RE and brain volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex differences exist in the magnitude and shape of associations between BMI and brain volumes in typically developing children.
  • Restrained eating (RE) is associated with specific brain volume differences in girls, but not in boys.
  • Longitudinal studies are recommended to further elucidate these associations over time.