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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one...
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Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
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Correction to "Dual-Defect Synergic Cr<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub><i>y</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures Boosting High SERS Performance".

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Potential-Driven Dynamic Spring-Effect of Pd─Cu Dual-Atoms Empowered Stability and Activity for Electrocatalytic

Pei-Hua Li1,2, Yuan-Fan Yang2, Zong-Yin Song2

  • 1Institute of Environment, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Stable palladium-copper (Pd─Cu) dual-atom catalysts were engineered for Cr(VI) detection. These catalysts exhibit a unique "spring-effect" for regeneration, preventing aggregation and enhancing catalytic performance in acidic conditions.

Keywords:
dual‐atom catalystselectrochemical catalysisin situ XAFSsingle‐atom catalystsspring effect

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Materials science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Atomic-level catalysts are crucial but suffer from atom migration and deactivation.
  • Ensuring intrinsic structural stability is vital for robust catalytic performance under harsh conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer highly stable Pd─Cu dual-atom catalysts with enhanced activity.
  • To investigate the dynamic structural evolution and regeneration mechanisms of these catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Pd─Cu dual-atom catalysts via strong chelation.
  • Electrocatalytic reduction detection of Cr(VI) in strong-acid electrolytes.
  • In situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to probe dynamic structural changes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highest turnover frequency and lowest overpotential for Cr(VI) reduction.
  • Observed a reversible "spring-effect" in Cu─Pd and Cu─N bonds, enabling regeneration at 0.6 V.
  • Demonstrated that Pd─Cu electron-orbit coupling prevents Cu atom aggregation and promotes Cr─O bond dissociation.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered stable Pd─Cu dual-atom catalysts with a PdN₃─CuN₃ coordination structure.
  • The dynamic "spring-effect" and electron-orbit coupling enhance catalyst stability, activity, and robustness.
  • Provides a viable strategy for developing stable single-atom catalysts for sustainable applications.