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Zebrafish Embryo Model as a Tool for Ecotoxicological Studies in Central Italy's Transitional Waters.

Chiara Molino1,2, Ines Lacchetti3, Walter Cristiano3

  • 1Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), University of Tuscia, Borgo Le Saline, 01016, Tarquinia, VT, Italy. c.molino@unitus.it.

Environmental Management
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

European water pollution is a significant threat. The zebrafish embryo test revealed high toxicity in Tyrrhenian coastal waters, indicating risks to ecosystems and human health.

Keywords:
Danio rerioFET testSublethal effectsTeratogenesisWater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Aquatic Ecosystem Health

Background:

  • European water bodies face widespread chemical pollution.
  • The Water Framework Directive mandates water quality monitoring to mitigate pollution impacts.
  • Effect-based methods (EBMs) are crucial for assessing pollution effects on organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the toxicity of transitional and artificial water bodies in the Tyrrhenian coastal area using the zebrafish model.
  • To assess lethal and sublethal effects of water pollution on aquatic ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio).
  • Collected five water samples from a populated coastal area in Central Italy across two seasons.
  • Evaluated mortality and sublethal endpoints (e.g., spine deformation, edema) over 96 hours post-fertilization.

Main Results:

  • All water samples exhibited high acute toxicity within 96 hours, with mortality rates exceeding 30%.
  • Observed significant sublethal effects including developmental abnormalities and unhatched embryos.
  • Detected seasonal variations in toxicity for two samples, suggesting temporal influences on chemical pollution.

Conclusions:

  • The zebrafish model is a sensitive tool for environmental monitoring, highlighting risks to aquatic life and potentially human health.
  • Water quality in the studied Tyrrhenian coastal area poses a significant risk.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full environmental and human health implications.