Advances in Catalyst Design for β-Lactone Formation via Ring-Expansion Carbonylation.
Ali Hasnain1, Vinothkumar Ganesan1, Sungho Yoon1
1Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
Summary
This study reviews catalysts for producing beta-lactones via ring-expansion carbonylation (REC). Recent porous materials offer scalable, sustainable synthesis by overcoming limitations of older homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Area of Science:
- Catalysis
- Polymer Chemistry
- Organic Synthesis
Background:
- Beta-lactones are key intermediates for industrial chemicals and biodegradable polymers.
- Ring-expansion carbonylation (REC) of epoxides is an atom-economical route to beta-lactones.
- Homogeneous catalysts show high activity but face separation and recycling challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the evolution of catalysts for ring-expansion carbonylation (REC) of epoxides.
- To highlight advancements in heterogeneous catalysts for scalable beta-lactone synthesis.
- To identify future research directions for sustainable catalytic processes.
Main Methods:
- Review of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems for REC.
- Analysis of porous polymer-based heterogeneous catalysts, including immobilized cobaltate anions.
- Discussion of catalyst performance, scalability, and sustainability.
Main Results:
- Homogeneous catalysts offer high selectivity but lack industrial scalability.
- Heterogenized catalysts provide easier separation but often have reduced efficiency.
- Porous polymer-supported catalysts demonstrate potential for high surface area and enhanced performance.
Conclusions:
- Recent porous heterogeneous catalysts represent a significant advancement in REC for beta-lactone synthesis.
- Further research is needed to overcome barriers for robust, efficient, and sustainable industrial application.
- The development of advanced heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for scalable and environmentally friendly production.
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