On the Optimization of Carob Seed Peel Extraction Using Aqueous-Based Acidic Systems

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Food Science
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Carob fruit's commercial value is primarily from locust bean gum, extracted from seeds.
• Traditional dehusking methods are harsh and can compromise seed quality.
• There is a need for sustainable and efficient dehusking techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and optimize a milder, more sustainable carob seed dehusking method.
• To preserve seed quality for industrial applications.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of metanesulfonic acid in the dehusking process.

Main Methods:

• Aqueous-based solvents were screened, with metanesulfonic acid selected.
• Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used for optimization.
• Optimized conditions: 24.5 g seeds, 50 mL solvent (41% CH4O3S, 59% H2SO4), 90°C, 10 min, followed by 5 min water wash.

Main Results:

• Optimized conditions achieved efficient husk removal while maintaining seed integrity.
• Treated seeds showed intact morphology and appealing color characteristics.
• Diffusive reflectance spectroscopy proved effective for rapid dehusking assessment.

Conclusions:

• The developed method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional sulfuric acid dehusking.
• The process preserves carob seed morphology and color.
• Diffusive reflectance spectroscopy is a novel, rapid tool for evaluating carob seed dehusking.