Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-Based Hybrid Photocatalysts in Organic Dye Degradation: A Review

This review provides an overview of the fabrication methods for Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts and evaluates their role in degrading organic dye pollutants. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene has emerged as a promising material for hybrid photocatalysts due to its high metallic conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, strong molecular adsorption, and efficient charge transfer. These properties facilitate faster charge separation and minimize electron-hole recombination, leading to exceptional photodegradation performance, long-term stability, and significant attention in dye degradation applications. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts significantly improve dye degradation efficiency, as evidenced by higher percentage degradation and reduced degradation time compared to conventional semiconducting materials. This review also highlights computational techniques employed to assess and enhance the performance of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts for dye degradation. It identifies the challenges associated with Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalyst research and proposes potential solutions, outlining future research directions to address these obstacles effectively.