Blue Exciplexes in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Opportunities and Challenges

Blue exciplexes, a critical innovative component in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) technology, exhibit substantial potential for enhancing device efficiency, reducing driving voltage, and simplifying structural designs. This article reviews the pivotal role of blue exciplexes in OLEDs, analyzing their unique advantages and challenges as emitters and host materials. Through optimized molecular design, blue exciplexes achieve high color purity and emission efficiency, surpassing conventional fluorescent materials. Additionally, their wide energy bands and high triplet energy provide opportunities to improve the performance of sky-blue, deep-blue, and white OLEDs. However, limitations in deep-blue efficiency, material degradation due to high-energy excitons, and spectral red-shift pose significant challenges to their development. This review offers a comprehensive perspective and research reference on the photophysical mechanisms of blue exciplexes and their applications in display and lighting fields.